Format
Scientific article
Publication Date
Published by / Citation
Luk TT, Wang MP, Leung LT, et al. Associations of Perceived Interparental Relationship, Family Harmony and Family Happiness with Smoking Intention in Never-Smoking Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open 2017;7:e017523. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017523
Original Language

English

Country
China
Keywords
tobacco
interparental relationship
smoking
China
children
adolescents
smoking intention

Associations of Perceived Interparental Relationship, Family Harmony and Family Happiness with Smoking Intention in Never-Smoking Chinese Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Objective: To examine the associations of perceived interparental relationship, family harmony and family happiness with smoking intention in never-smoking Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong.

Design, settings and participants: Cross-sectional surveys of 15,753 primary (grades 4–6) and 38,398 secondary (grades 7–12) never-smoking students from 71 to 75 randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong, 2012–2013.

Measurements: Outcome variable was smoking intention which denoted any affirmative response to smoke within the coming year or when a cigarette was offered by a good friend. Exposure variables were perceived interparental relationship and family harmony each measured on a five-point scale from ‘very good’ to ‘very bad’ and perceived family happiness on a four-point scale from ‘very happy’ to ‘not happy at all’. Potential confounders included age, sex, family structure, perceived family affluence, parental smoking and sibling smoking.

Results: In primary students, the adjusted ORs (AORs) (95% CI) of smoking intention generally increased with more negative perception of the family relationship: up to 3.67 (1.91 to 7.05) for interparental relationship, 7.71 (4.38 to 13.6) for family harmony and 5.40 (3.41 to 8.55) for family happiness. For secondary students, the corresponding AORs (95% CI) were 2.15 (1.64 to 2.82) for interparental relationship, 2.98 (2.31 to 3.84) for family harmony and 2.61 (1.80 to 3.79) for family happiness. All p for trend <0.001.

Conclusions: More negatively perceived interparental relationship, family harmony and family happiness were associated with higher odds of smoking intention with dose–response relationships in never-smoking Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Children’s perception of their family relationship may be an important intervening point for preventing youth from initiating smoking.